“Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† by Robert Hayden Essay Perhaps the poem is a description of the coziness and the joy of Sundays during winter; a time for indoors, family, hot chocolate, etc. I expect much imagery pertaining to cold weather, togetherness, and other winter wonderland type visuals. The word â€Å"those† is used to describe the winter Sundays, so therefore it is looked at as a common topic. Paraphrase: Both the son and his father got up early on Sundays, his father put his clothes on in the cold, and with his aching, cracked hands from the labor and weather, he put on the fire, and no one thanked him. The son woke up to feel the cold break with the fire, and his father called him when it was warm, he would dress, so that his father would not lecture him. The son spoke indifferently to the man who drove out the cold and polished his shoes. He explains that he didn’t know of love’s austere and lonely offices. Speaker: The speaker could be Robert Hayden himself, describing his regret for not appreciating his loving father. He is depicted in the poem as a little boy, oblivious to his father’s hard work and care and only concern about his dislike for the lectures. He regrets â€Å"speaking indifferently† (10) to his father and explains, â€Å"What did I know, what did I know of love† (13). Figurative Language:` In the first stanza there is much repetition of consonants, â€Å"The blueblack cold, with cracked hands that ached, from labor in the weekday weather made banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him† (2-5). Consonance in the repetition of the sound, â€Å"ck† emphasizes the severity and hardness of work the father endured and sad truth that he wasn’t thanked. In the second stanza the sound â€Å"ing† is repeated to show that the cold in the house broke with the crack of the fire that the father produced; â€Å"the cold splintering, breaking† (6). Synesthesia is used in the second line of the first stanza; â€Å"put on his clothes in the blu eblack cold.† Here, one sense is used to describe another; â€Å"cold† is something you feel and it is described as a color (sight). This gives the impression of what the cold looks rather that how it feels. In the first line of the second stanza; â€Å"I’d wake and hear the cold splintering, breaking† (6), both anthropomorphism and symbolism. The cold is described to splinter and break; traits of lifeless humans as opposed to personification where it is given human traits. The â€Å"cold splintering and breaking† symbolizes end to the coldness of the house, now that the speaker’s father heated it; it shows the love and care that the father has for his child. In the end, after the son describes all that his father did for him on â€Å"those winter Sundays,† he repeats, â€Å"what did I know, what did I know, of love’s austere and lonely offices?† (13-14). The speaker repeats â€Å"what did I know† to show his guilt and great regret that he did know that the whole time his father did that out of pure love and care. Attitude/ Tone: The speaker is reflective over what his father did during â€Å"those winter Sundays† and expresses his regret. He is remorseful, exclaiming that he did not know what austere love was and gives a self-loathing tone when he says, â€Å"speaking indifferently to him, who had driven out the cold† (10). He spoke badly to his father when his father warmed him and cared for him. He know notices the detail of his father’s nobleness and the sacrifices he made, while as just a kid he would only notice the â€Å"chronic angers† of the house (9). The son describes his father as a hero who labored and worked hard, and he is shameful that he did not realize it then. Shifts: First the son creates imagery of his father and his work; â€Å"Sundays too my father got up early and put his clothes on in the blueblack cold, then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather made blanked fires blaze† (1-5). He immediately gives a shameful statement; â€Å"No one ever thanked him† (5); the son is talking about himself. Then he’d go back to describing what his father did for him. â€Å"When the rooms were warm he’d call† then again explains is naive feeling that he feared the â€Å"chronic angers.† He continues to tell of his regretful actions then shifts to a greater remorseful tone when he exclaims his not knowing of the love his father showed him. Title: The poem is indeed about â€Å"those winter Sundays†, however it is about a boy who describes a hard-working almost heroic father laboring to care for his son by keeping him warm during winter, while his hands ached and cracked and the son’s regret for being unappreciative. Theme:The main themes of this poem are love and regret. The son states his great regret for being unable to see the love his father had for him. Since he was a boy he did not know what austere love was he only believed that his father was â€Å"chronically angry† and not doing things out of love. The father loved his son by keeping him warm, and making sure his shoes were polished, ready for church, however the son, only a boy, does not notice. Grown up, the boy is remorseful over this, and wishes he knew better, so that he could love and appreciate his father more.

The Atom :: Atoms Molecules Elements Science Essays

The Atom An atom is the smallest unit of matter that is recognizable as a chemical ELEMENT. Atoms of different elements may also combine into systems called MOLECULES, which are the smallest units of chemical COMPOUNDS. In all these ordinary processes, atoms may be considered as the ancient Greeks imagined them to be: the ultimate building blocks of matter. When stronger forces are applied to atoms, however, the atoms may break up into smaller parts. Thus atoms are actually composites and not units, and have a complex inner structure of their own. By studying the processes in which atoms break up, scientists in the 20th century have come to understand many details of the inner structure of atoms. The size of a typical atom is only about 10 (-10th) meters. A cubic centimeter of solid matter contains something like 10 (24th) atoms. Atoms cannot be seen using optical microscopes, because they are much smaller than the wavelengths of visible light. By using more advanced imaging techniques such as electron microscopes, scanning tunneling microscopes, and atomic force microscopes, however, scientists have been able to produce images in which the sites of individual atoms can be identified. EARLY ATOMIC THEORIES The first recorded speculations that MATTER consisted of atoms are found in the works of the Greek philosophers LEUCIPPUS and DEMOCRITUS. The essence of their views is that all phenomena are to be understood in terms of the motions, through empty space, of a large number of tiny and indivisible bodies. (The name "atom" comes from the Greek words atomos, for "indivisible.") According to Democritus, these bodies differ from one another in shape and size, and the observed variety of substances derives from these differences in the atoms composing them. Greek atomic theory was not an attempt to account for specific details of physical phenomena. It was instead a philosophical response to the question of how change can occur in nature. Little effort was made to make atomic theory quantitative--that is, to develop it as a scientific hypothesis for the study of matter. Greek atomism, however, did introduce the valuable concept that the nature of everyday things was to be understood in terms of an invisible substructure of objects with unfamiliar properties. Democritus stated this especially clearly in one of the few sayings of his that has been preserved: "Color exists by convention, sweet by convention, bitter by convention, in reality nothing exists but atoms and the void." Although adopted and extended by such later ancient thinkers as EPICURUS and LUCRETIUS, Greek atomic theory had strong competition from other views of the nature of matter. One such view was the four-element theory of EMPEDOCLES. These alternative views, championed by ARISTOTLE among others, were also motivated more by a desire to answer philosophical questions than by a wish to

Different Types of Documents Produced in a Business Environment Essay

The different formats in which text may be presented are font typefaces, headings, font size, effects (bold, italics, underlined), colours and text boxes. We can format text in paragraphs, tables and columns. We can add bullet points, headers and footers. We can also add tables, graphs, diagrams and flowcharts as a clear way to represent data and processes. 1. 3 Explain the purpose and benefits of producing high quality and attractive documents The documents you produce for your organisation are an image of representation of your organisation. So it creates an impression on the reader about the standards of the organisation. A good quality document that looks good to the audience can gain more customers and increase the company’s reputation. The quality of your documents is a reflection on you. 2. 3 Describe different types of technology available for inputting, formatting, and editing text and their main features A keyboard and mouse would be the main technology to insert text into a computer. When using a keyboard you press the specific key for each character that needs inputting, and this is transferred on to the computer screen, in a word processing program. A mouse helps you navigate on the computer screen to select the programs to select the programs to open and view and type the text. Another form of inputting could be copying and pasting information from the internet or another document. You could even use a scanner to input text and transfer documents into the computer. Within the Microsoft Word package, you have the following tools to format the text to make it look high quality: -WordArt: this includes effects such as shadows, outlines, colours, gradients, and 3D effects that can be added to a word or phrase. WordArt can also bend, stretch, rotate, or modify the shape of the text. -Page layout: the arrangement of text, images and other objects on a page. -Columns: this is a vertical division of text on a page, usually found in the layout of booklets, newspapers, magazines and leaflets. -Paragraphs: usually a distinct, short section on a document/ piece of writing, usually with a single theme. -Headers and footers: A header or footer is text or graphics that is usually printed at the top or bottom of every page in a document. A header is printed in the top margin; a footer is printed in the bottom margin. The types of technology that are available to edit text are: -Spell check: a computer program that identifies possible misspellings in a block of text by comparing the text with a database of the correct spellings. -Grammar check: this is a tool on Microsoft programs that gives you helpful hints to improve your sentence structure. -Find and replace: this is a function that allows you to search for a particular word in a document and replace it if you need to rename more than one word. 3. Explain the benefits of agreeing the purpose, content, style and deadlines for producing documents. The audience of a document is the group of people for who it is written for. Therefore, documents should be designed to meet the needs of the expected audience. You need to know the purpose of the document so you know what and how to produce it, for example, if it is advertising for young people you would want it to be eye catching and in a style that will appeal to them. It is important to agree the content so you can obtain the information, plan and organise the layout. Deadlines are important so you can plan other work around it and complete the document on time. 3. 2 Outline different ways of organising content for documents. To organise the content you require for a document, you first need to find out how the document is to be presented and the information that is to be included. But ways you could organise content could be: -Bullet points -Alphabetical ordering -Chronological order -Headings -Text -Graphs -Text boxes You should then store all the information needed safely and with clear file names. 3. Outline ways of integrating and laying out text and non-text. Text and non – text can be integrated easily with Microsoft Word or Publisher. There are many ways of laying out a document, using columns, graphics, and blocks of text, headings, background colours, images and white space and wrap text around; which helps you to work around with its different features to get a consistent format. Also there are other office applications that help with integrating and laying out text and non-text, for example, Excel and PowerPoint, help with integrating text and non-text in spread sheets and slides. Many organisations use a logo on all their printed materials and their documents often have a very specific style. This will be achieved by always using the same fonts, font sizes, text and page colours and page layout. 3. 4 Describe ways of checking finished documents for accuracy – including spelling, grammar and punctuation – and correctness, and the purpose of doing so. When you have finished creating a document, you should review and check it thoroughly before sending or printing the document. Word documents have a spell check function, however even using spell check might not be completely accurate, therefore using a grammar check on the document as well, will be more beneficial. After doing the spell and grammar checks, you could ask another colleague to proof read your work – having a proof reader can help highlight problems as they are a fresh set of eyes that have not read the document. Re-reading the documents several days after completing, may refresh your mind to notice any corrections and adjustments. It is beneficial to compare the final version with original notes and rough drafts. All of these checks are to ensure that your document that you want to make is fit for purpose and correct before showing to a senior member of staff or production of the document. 3. 5 Explain the purpose of storing documents safely and securely, and ways of doing so. Any document with any sensitive information should always be stored safely; electronically or physically. For example, -A filing cabinet which can be locked, as it may be required for future use/reference. Storing confidential documents electronically should always be stored with password protection, on a safe and secure operating system. -Locking your computer if you’re leaving your desk, even if it is for just a few minutes. -Being aware who is around you or your desk when dealing with documents with confidential information on. 3. 6 Explain the purpose of confidentiality and data protection when preparing documents. Any form of personal information held about a person within a company is protected under the Data Protection Act; this means all data should be kept confidential. This is significant to ensure nobody will be able to get the data and pass the information on. Confidentiality is very important when preparing documents, because Oxfordshire County Council is involved with a lot of personal data: †¢Full names †¢Contact details (addresses and phone numbers) †¢Records When preparing documents we need to be aware of what we are including in the document, for example if you are adding a photograph, do you have the right permission to use it? As a company, in order to protect the users and the owner, confidentiality must be observed. 3. Explain the purpose and benefits of meeting deadlines. If deadlines are valued and meeting those deadlines is enforced, expectations are consistent. It is important that you produce your work to the best possible standard in order to meet the requirements of the person setting the task. This will show you are responsible and trustworthy and you can be relied upon to get things completed. You may not know who else might be waiting for your work; it could have to be passed on to someone else. This may cause problems and delays in the workplace and could affect team relationships.

Caricom s Proposal Rectify The Economic Problems And...

Caricom’s proposal seeks to rectify the Caribbean countries economic state due to years of abuse by the European nations of the world. The European countries not only depleted the Caribbean Island’s resources, but they also allowed the forced mass migration of African slaves to this region in their favor. Stolen lives in a new territory created a deathly environment and hazardous conditions for the newly placed tribe of people. Death followed slaves like shadows forever lingering right behind them because it was imminent at any time. Cultural changes were unavoidable due to the high native death toll; this is the part of the reason for the slave trade across the Atlantic. The European nations benefited immensely from raping the resources of many regions in the world, including the Caribbean, and they changed/eliminated cultures and groups of people. Now, we are at a time and place in the world where we can correctly identify the ongoing economic problems and changes cau sed by the actions of Europe’s ancestors. Should the European nations of the world correct the wrongdoings of their forefathers by helping the Caribbean modernize and improve their current predicament? Yes. Presently, Europe is prosperous in many ways that are unmatched by that of the Caribbean. Nevertheless, Europe must lend the Caribbean assistance as a way of paying society for their previous convictions. The Atlantic slave trade provided a means for laborers that were used in the Caribbean. Robert Strayer